Test | Pooled1 | Test-retest | Reliability Index (95% CI), (rating of criteria for good reliability) | Quality of the evidence (modified GRADE) Reliability | Quality of the evidence (modified GRADE) | SDC (rating of criteria for good ME) | Quality of the evidence (modified GRADE) ME | Quality of the evidence (modified GRADE) ME |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Craniocervical Flexion Test adapted (De Pauw ,2020) [42] | Â | inter-rater | 0.64 (0.33-0.82), (-) | + | Very Low | 2.72 (?) | ++ | Low |
Craniocervical Flexion Test adapted (De Pauw, 2020) [42] | Â | test-retest | 0.65 (0.35-0.83), (-) | + | Very Low | 2.58 (?) | ++ | Low |
Craniocervical Flexion Test muscle activation | Â | test-retest | 0.7 (0.39-0.86), (+) | + | Very Low | 4.96 (?) | ++ | Low |
Craniocervical Flexion Test muscle endurance | Â | test-retest | 0.9 (0.8-0.95), (+) | + | Very Low | 2.49 (?) | ++ | Low |
Neck flexor muscle endurance Test | x | inter-rater | 0.75 (0.29-0.93), (+) | ++ | Low | 6.38 to 31.88 (?) | ++ | Low |
Neck flexor muscle endurance Test | x | test-retest | 0.84 (0.68-0.92), (+) | + | Very Low | 17.74 to 23.01 (?) | + | Very Low |
Neck extensor muscle endurance Test | x | inter-rater | 0.84 (0.69-0.92), (+) sic! | ++ | Low | Â | Â | Â |
Neck extensor muscle endurance Test | x | test-retest | 0.84 (0.69-0.92), (+) | ++ | Low | 2.05 to 71.51 (?) | + | Very Low |
Scapula muscle endurance Test Standing | Â | test-retest | 0.67 (0.31-0.85), (-) | + | Very Low | 30.21 (?) | ++ | Low |
Scapular Holding Test adapted (summarized left and right) | Â | inter-rater | 0.54-0.63 (0.19-0.82), (-) | + | Very Low | 3.02-3.3 (?) | ++ | Low |
Scapular Holding Test adapted (summarized left and right) | Â | test-retest | 0.68-0.7 (0.41-0.86), (- to +) | + | Very Low | 2.44-3.08 (?) | ++ | Low |
Sternocleidomastoid strength (summarized left and right) | Â | test-retest | 0.95-0.97 (0.91-0.99), (+) | + | Very Low | 4.63-5.04 (?) | ++ | Low |
Isometric Muscle Strength Lower Trapezius (summarized left and right) | Â | inter-rater | 0.65-0.78 (0.28-0.91), (- to +) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
Isometric Muscle Strength Middle Trapezius, Rhomboid (summarized left and right) | Â | inter-rater | 0.33-0.59 (-0.07-0.82), (-) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (six parameters summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.76-0.91 (NA), (+) | + | Very Low | 0.03-26.06 (?) | ++ | Low |
Max isometric strength Flex outer torque Dorsal Head Force | Â | test-retest | 0.09 (NA-NA), (-) | + | Very Low | 141.36 (?) | ++ | Low |
Isometric strength Dynamometer | Â | inter-rater | 0.39-0.72 (-0.1-0.89), (- to +) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
Isometric strength (Dynamometer, Modified Sphygmomanometer, Multi Cervical Rehabilitation Unit, Neck strength measurement system) | x | test-retest | 0.74-0.99 (0.47-1), (+) | + | Very Low | 1.94-54.33 (?) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low |
Flexion-relaxation ratio | Â | test-retest | 0.83 (0.67-0.92), (+) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
AROM visual estimation (six directions summarized) | Â | inter-rater | 0.42-0.82 (NA), (- to +) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
AROM Universal Goniometer (all directions) | x | inter-rater | 0.66-0.82 (0.47-0.93), (- to +) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low | 3.41-15.25 (?) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low |
AROM Universal Goniometer (all directions) | x | test-retest | 0.71-0.89 (0.5-0.97), (+) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low | 2.22-12.2 (?) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low |
AROM Universal Goniometer Rot (left and right summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.31 (-0.12-0.64)2, (-) | + | Very Low | 27.5 (?) | ++ | Low |
AROM Electronic Goniometer (three directions summarized) | Â | inter-rater | 0.81-0.86 (0.62-0.94), (+) | + | Very Low | 14.91-22.23 (?) | ++ | Low |
AROM Electronic Goniometer (three directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.89-0.92 (0.77-0.96), (+) | + | Very Low | 11.28-16.58 (?) | ++ | Low |
AROM Gravity Goniometer (eight movements summarized) | Â | inter-rater | 0.74-0.89 (0.26-0.95), (+) | + | Very Low | 8.87-15.52 (?) | + to +++ | Very Low to Moderate |
AROM Inclinometer (three directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.41-0.75 (-0.16-0.89), (- to +) | + | Very Low | 14.8-22.06 (?) | ++ | Low |
AROM Digital inclinometer (six directions summarized) | Â | inter-rater | 0.73-0.89 (0.05-0.96), (+) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
AROM Digital inclinometer (six directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.53-0.84 (-0.32-0.94), (- to +) | + | Very Low | 7.45-17.52 (?) | ++ | Low |
AROM Digital inclinometer EDI-320 (three directions summarized) | Â | inter-rater | 0.89-0.95 (0.77-0.98), (+) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
AROM Digital inclinometer EDI-320 (three directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.93-0.96 (0.86-0.98), (+) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
AROM Gravity Inclinometer (four pooled directions summarized) | x | inter-rater | 0.74-0.86 (0.38-0.95), (+) | + | Very Low | 8.59-19.4 (?) | + | Very Low |
AROM Gravity Inclinometer (four directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.91-0.95 (0.85-0.97), (+) | + | Very Low | 6.65-8.04 (?) | ++ | Low |
AROM CROM device (six pooled directions summarized) | x | inter-rater | 0.82 - 0.93 (0.73-0.97), (+) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low | 10.26-18.02 (?) | + | Very Low |
AROM CROM device (six pooled directions summarized) | x | test-retest | 0.91-0.95 (0.68-0.98), (+) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low | 3.6-11.36Â (?) | ++ | Low |
AROM Fastrak (six directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.64-0.88 (NA), (- to +) | + | Very Low | 6.54-18.63 (?) | ++ | Low |
AROM Multi Cervical Rehabilitation Unit (six directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.82-0.96 (0.66-0.98), (+) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
AROM OSI Spine Motion Analyser (six directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.68-0.96 (NA), (- to +) | + | Very Low | 5.13-9.12 (?) | + | Very Low |
AROM Zebris (six directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.81-0.86 (NA), (+) | + | Very Low | 15.52-28.27 (?) | ++ | Low |
AROM iPhone (six pooled directions summarized) | x | inter-rater | 0.74-0.96 (0.39-0.98), (+) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low | 4.1-9.67 (?) | + | Very Low |
AROM iPhone (six pooled directions summarized) | x | test-retest | 0.69-0.84 (0.43-0.96), (- to +) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low | 2.86-12.5 (?) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low |
AROM Android (four directions summarized) | Â | inter-rater | 0.9-0.92 (0.72-0.97), (+) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
AROM Android (four directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.85-0.9 (0.61-0.96), (+) | + | Very Low | 6.9-12.16 (?) | ++ | Low |
AROM Android Rotation (left and right summarized) | Â | inter-rater | 0.17-0.48 (-0.98-0.8), (-) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
AROM Android Rotation (left and right summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.13-0.52 (-1.42-0.82), (-) | + | Very Low | 24.05-32.89 (?) | ++ | Low |
Relocation Test (Rotation pooled, seven movements summarized) | x | test-retest | 0.62-0.85 (0.32-0.93), (- to +) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low | 3.33-4.16 (?) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low |
The Fly (twelve parameters summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.58-0.86 (0.38-0.86), (- to +) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
The Fly Overshoots (three level summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.14-0.42 (-0.14-0.62), (-) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |
Torsion Test (left and right summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.58.0.71 (0.14-0.85), (- to +) | + | Very Low | 2.77-4.43 (?) | ++ | Low |
Figure of eight Test (six parameters summarized) | Â | inter-rater | 0.76-1 (0.62-1), (+) | + | Very Low | 0.06-5.6 (?) | ++++ | High |
Figure of eight Test (four parameters summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.81-1 (0.64-1), (+) | + | Very Low | 0.03-8.09 (?) | ++++ | High |
Zigzag Test (six parameters summarized) | Â | inter-rater | 0.8-1 (0.6-1), (+) | + | Very Low | 0.08-2.27 (?) | ++++ | High |
Zigzag Test (four parameters summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.95-1 (0.78-1), (+) | + | Very Low | 0.03-1.64 (?) | ++++ | High |
Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion Test (diff) Amplitude 40°, Velocity 20°/s |  | test-retest | 0.75 (0.44-0.81), (+) | + | Very Low | 0.11 (?) | ++ | Low |
Rod and Frame Test (three parameters summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.74-0.9 (NA), (+) | + to ++ | Very Low to Low | Â | Â | Â |
Fast cervical rotation (five directions summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.37-0.86 (-0.16-0.95), (- to +) | + | Very Low | 0.3-91.47 (?) | ++ | Low |
Fast cervical rotation Conjunct movements | Â | test-retest | -0.07 (-0.54-0.45), (-) | + | Very Low | 18.02 (?) | ++ | Low |
Current perception threshold (nine parameters summarized) | Â | test-retest | 0.47-0.86 (0.08-0.93), (- to +) | + | Very Low | Â | Â | Â |