Authors (years) | Objective of the study | Sample size / therapist training / study design | Treatment Method / treatment period and evaluation | Outcome measures | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hall et al. ( 2007) [18] | To investigate the efficacy of the treatment of C1-C2 self-SNAG and the effects on the change of FRT and symptoms related to cervicogenic headache | n = 32 13 M; 19 F MA: 36 years / Performed by 3 professionals/ RCT-Parallel | Trial Period: 12 months CG: False mobilization of C1-C2 using the cervical self-SNAG strap 2 times a day SG1: Self mobilization (self-SNAG) of C1-C2 using the cervical self-SNAG strap 2 times a day | FRT MMHI | CG: ↑ FRT ( p < 0.001); = MMHI SG1: ↑ FRT ( p < 0.001); ↑ MMHI( p < 0.001) FRT: SG1 > CG MMHI: SG1 > CG |
Shin and Lee, (2014) [19] | To investigate the effect of the SNAG technique on the duration of headache in middle-aged women with CH | n = 40 37 F MA: 45 years / Performed by 3 professionals / RCT-Parallel | Trial Period: 7 weeks CG: Placebo mobilization of the neck area with pain—3 × week (20 min) for 4 weeks SG1: SNAG technique—3 × week (20 min) for 4 weeks | VAS NDI HD | CG: ↑ VAS ( p < 0.05); ↑ HD ( p < 0.05); ↑ NDI ( p < 0.05) SG1: ↑ VAS ( p < 0.05); ↑ HD ( p < 0.05); ↑ NDI ( p < 0.05) VAS: SG1 > CG NDI: CG = SG1 HD: SG1 > CG |
Wade and Franklin, (2015) [16] | To study the effects of the SNAG technique and strengthening muscles in the cervical spine in the relief of cervicogenic headache | n = 30/ M;F (Not specified) MA: 35 years/ Performed by 2 professionals/ RCT-Parallel | Trial Period: 1 week CG: TENS in the paraspinal region of the cervical spine combined with deep muscle strengthening for the cervical region SG1: C1-C2 SNAG 10 × 10 s, combined with deep muscle strengthening for the cervical region | VAS SDCM | GC: ↑ VAS( p < 0.000); SDCM ( p < 0.000) SG1: ↑ VAS( p < 0.000); SDCM( p < 0.000) VAS: SG1 > CG SDCM: SG1 = CG |
Christian (2017) [20] | Search for the effects of SNAG (Mulligan) and PA (Maitland) techniques on cervicogenic headache and compare them with a control group | n = 23 12 M; 11 F MA: 30 years/ (Not specified)/ RCT-Parallel | Trial Period: 1 week CG: n = 6 sessions (active neck exercises + strengthening and stretching exercises) SG1: n = 6 SNAG sessions (4 × 10 s.) SG2: n = 6 sliding sessions central PA, lateral PA (from 3 × 60 to 5 × 120 oscillations) | FRT HDI | CG: ↑ FRT ( p < 0.05) SG1: ↑ FRT ( p < 0.05); SG2: ↑ FRT ( p < 0.05) FRT: CG = SG1 = SG2 HDI1: CG > SG2 |
Patra, Mohanty, Gautam (2017) [17] | Evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling combined with SNAG C1-C2 in improving PPT and reducing disability due to cervicogenic headache | n = 114 37 M; 77F MA: 37 years/ Performed by 3 professionals/ RCT-Parallel | Trial Period: 6 weeks SG1: Dry Needling SG2: C1-C2 SNAG SG3: GE1 + GE2 | HDI PPT-1 PPT-2 PPT-3 | SG1: ↑ HDI ( p < 0.001); ↑ PPT-1 ( p < 0.001); ↑ PPT-2 ( p < 0.001); ↑ PPT-3 ( p < 0.001); SG2: ↑ HDI ( p < 0.001); ↑ PPT-1 ( p < 0.001); SG3: ↑ HDI ( p < 0.001); ↑ PPT-1 ( p < 0.001); ↑ PPT-2 ( p < 0.001); ↑ PPT-3 ( p < 0.001); HDI: SG3 > SG2 > SG1 PPT-1: SG3 > SG2 > SG1 PPT-2: SG3 > SG1 > SG2 PPT-3: SG3 > SG1 > SG2 |
Kirthika et al. (2018) [21] | To compare the effects of the SNAG and MET techniques on the life management of subjects with cervicogenic headache | n = 30 6 M; 24 F MA: 26 years/ Performed by 4 professionals/ RCT-Parallel | Trial Period: 4 weeks SG1: SNAG 3 sets of 5 repetitions SG2:MET 6 sets de 5 repetitions | VAS HDI | SG1: ↑ VAS ( p < 0.001); ↑ HDI2 ( p < 0.001) SG2: ↑ VAS ( p < 0.0001); ↑ HDI2 ( p < 0.001) VAS: SG2 > SG1 HDI2: SG2 > SG1 |
Mohamed et al. (2019) [22] | To determine the effect of the SNAG technique on C1-C2 on cervicogenic headache and associated dizziness | n = 48 28 M; 20F MA: 29 years/ Performed by a therapist/ RCT-Parallel | Trial Period: 6 months SG1: SNAG C2 (10 × 10 s. / 30 s rest each repetition) SG2: C1-C2 SNAG Half-Rotation (10 × 10 s / 30 s of rest each repetition) SG3: Combination of GE1 + GE2 (5 repetitions of each technique) | NDI DHI FRT | SG1: ↑ FRT (p < 0.001); ↑ DHI (p < 0.001) SG2: ↑ FRT (p < 0.001); ↑ DHI (p < 0.001) SG3: ↑ NDI (p < 0.001); ↑ FRT (p < 0.001); ↑ DHI (p < 0.001) NDI: SG3 > SG1 = SG2 FRT: SG3 > SG1 = SG2 DHI: SG1 > SG3 > SG2 |
Kashif et al. (2021) [23] | To investigate the effect of SNAGs in the treatment of cervicogenic headache | n = 40 0 M; 40 F MA: 22 years/ Performed by a manual therapist/ RCT-Parallel | Trial Period: 4 weeks SG1: 10 × 10 s; 3 × week (20 min; 12 sessions) CG: received placebo treatment (contact pressure of the hand touching the disturbed joint) 10 × 10 s; 3 × week (20 min; 12 sessions) | VAS (assessed on week 1, 2, 3 and 4) | SG1: ↑ VAS ( p < 0.001) VAS: SG1 > CG on week 3 ( p < 0.001) and week 4 ( p < 0.001) |