Table 1 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of study participants
Characteristics | DN group (n = 10) | Sham DN group (n = 11) | Total (n = 21) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.072 |
 Mean ± SD | 36.6 ± 14.8 | 47.2 ± 13.2 | 42.1 ± 14.6 |  |
Gender | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.557 |
 Male | 8 (80) | 7 (64) | 15 (71) |  |
 Female | 2 (20) | 4 (36) | 6 (29) |  |
Dominant hand | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.973 |
 Right | 9 (90) | 10 (91) | 19 (90) |  |
 Left | 1 (10) | 1 (9) | 2 (10) |  |
Painful shoulder | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.654 |
 Right | 7 (70) | 9 (82) | 16 (76) |  |
 Left | 3 (30) | 2 (18) | 5 (24) |  |
Pain onset (months) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.705 |
 3–6 | 2 (20) | 2 (19) | 4 (19) |  |
 6–12 | 3 (30) | 5 (45) | 8 (38) |  |
 12–24 | 1 (10) | 1 (9) | 2 (10) |  |
  > 24 | 4 (40) | 3 (27) | 7 (33) |  |
Smoking history | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.180 |
 Never | 10 (100) | 7 (64) | 17 (81) |  |
 Quit smoking | 0 (0) | 4 (36) | 4 (19) |  |
 Currently smoking | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
Physical activity (sessions per week) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | 0.679 |
  < 1 | 1 (10) | 4 (36) | 5 (24) |  |
 1–3 | 5 (50) | 2 (19) | 7 (33) |  |
  > 3 | 4 (40) | 5 (45) | 9 (43) |  |
Visual analog score (/10) (at rest) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 1.1 ± 1.6 | 1.3 ± 2.4 | 1.2 ± 2.0 | 0.973 |
 Range | 0–4 | 0–8 | 0–8 |  |
Visual analog score (/10) (during activities/movement) | ||||
 Mean ± SD | 6.4 ± 1.3 | 6.0 ± 2.2 | 6.2 ± 1.8 | 0.973 |
 Range | 4–8 | 1–8 | 1–8 |  |