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Table 3 Within-group comparisons of participants’ disability scores, psychosocial outcomes across the 4-time points of the study

From: Graded activity with and without daily-monitored-walking in patients with type 2 diabetes with low back pain: secondary analysis of a randomized-clinical trial

Variable

Groups

Time frame

W

χ2

Pѱ

Week 0

Week 4

Week 8

Week 12

   

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

Median (IQR)

   

LBP disability scores

GAMWG

9.0 (3.5)a

7.0 (3.0)b

5.0 (3.0)c

4.0 (1.5)d

0.93

69.8

< 0.001*

GAG

9.5 (6.5)a

8.0 (5.3)b

7.0 (4.0)c

5.0(3.0)d

0.74

58.0

< 0.001*

Pain-self-efficacy

GAMWG

38 (9.5)a

42 (6.0)b

44.0 (6.0)c

50 (8.0)d

0.90

67.6

< 0.001*

GAG

37.0 (6.5)a

38.0 (5.0)b

40.0 (8.5)c

45.0 (6.5)d

0.87

68.2

< 0.001*

Fear-avoidance beliefs

GAMWG

38.0 (9.0)a

37.0 (9.5)b

27.0 (6.0)c

22.0 (6.0)d

0.96

72.0

< 0.001*

GAG

37.0 (11.5)a

37.0 (9.0)b

30.50 (4.8)c

24.0 (7.0)d

0.98

76.0

< 0.001*

Back-pain beliefs

GAMWG

28.0 (7.5)a

30.0 (7.5)b

32.0 (2.5)c

35.0 (3.5)d

0.96

72.0

< 0.001*

GAG

28.5 (6.5)a

30.0 (6.3)b

30.5 (4.0)c

33.0 (4.0)d

0.93

72.3

< 0.001*

  1. IQR-Inter-quartile range; W-Effect size (Kendall’s W); *- Significance at α = 0.05; a b c d - post-hoc indicates that values with different superscript are significantly (p < 0.05) different; values with the same superscripts are not significantly (p > 0.05) different. Ѱ = Friedman’s ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed rank test post-hoc test was used for within-group comparison