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Table 1 Baseline demographics of participants in included studies

From: To stimulate or not to stimulate? A rapid systematic review of repetitive sensory stimulation for the upper-limb following stroke

Author/s, year (n=)

Gender (F:M)

Age (years)

Time since stroke

Baseline arm function

Stroke severity (NIHSS)

PEDro Score (/10)

Celnik et al., 2007 [12] (9)

6:3

Entire cohort: 55.2 ± 14.3

Chronic:

3.2 ± 1.6 years post stroke

JTHFT = 48 ± 9.3

FM UEA = 93.0 ± 1

–

7

Conforto et al., 2010 [11] (22)

Suprasensory group: 6:5

Subsensory group: 5:6

RSS group: 59.3 ± 1.4

Sham: 64.2 ± 3.7

Early sub-acute:

RSS group: 53.1 ± 1.8

Sham: 53.5 ± 2.6

(days post stroke)

JTHFT

Suprasensory: 83.3 (65–93.5)

Subsensory: 90.9 (67.7–93.5)

Pinch force

RSS: 4 (1–8)

Sham:3 (0–9)

9

Conforto et al., 2007 [29] (11)

7:4

Entire cohort: 39.9 ± 4.2

Chronic:

4.3 ± 0.7 years post-stroke

JTHFT

RSS: 89.9 (50.7–247.2)

Control: 91 (40.9–215.7)

2 (1–5)

7

Conforto et al., 2002 [30] (8)

1:7

Entire cohort: 65 (38–81)

Chronic:

5 years 6 months post-stroke (range: 14 months-7 years)

Pinch force (N)

RSS: 49.7 ± 8.09 N

Control: 54.4 ± 10.6 N

–

7

Ghaziani, et al. 2018 [10] (102)

Low-dose group: 1:1

High-dose group: 1:1

Low-dose group: median (Q1–Q3) 71 (64–80) years

High-dose group: median (Q1–Q3) 72 (64–79) years

Acute:

Within 7 days post-stroke

BBT (blocks/min)

Low-dose group: 10.2 ± 12.8

High-dose group: 9.3 ± 11

FMA-UE-AD

Low-dose group: 33.2 ± 21

High-dose group: 33.6 ± 19.1

Hand grip strength (kg)

Low-dose group: 12.0 ± 13

High-dose group: 11.0 ± 10

Palmar pinch strength (kg)

Low-dose group: 1.9 ± 2.4

High-dose group:1.4 ± 2.4

Key pinch strength (kg)

Low-dose group: 2.7 ± 3

High-dose group: 2.3 ± 3

Tip pinch strength (kg)

Low-dose group: 1.4 ± 1.8

High-dose group: 1.3 ± 1.4

–

7

Kattenstroth et al., 2018 [31] (71)

12:34

RSS group: 64 (34–86)

Sham: 59 (43–89)

Early sub-acute:

3–4 weeks post-stroke

Grip (Dynamometer)

RSS: 15.55 ± 10.07 kg

Sham: 32.9 ± 8.63 kg

MRC: RSS: 3.73 ± 2.68

Sham: 3.98 ± 1.49

Frenchay arm test:

RSS: 3.48 ± 619

Sham 3.5 ± 5.99

Wolf Motor Function test:

RSS:11.76 ± 16.42

Sham: 11.56 ± 4.91

RSS group: 5.58 ± 3.22

Sham: 5.17 ± 2.23

6

Klaiput et al., 2009 [13] (10)

RSS group: 2:8

Sham: 4:6

RSS group: 63.0 ± 11

Sham: 64.4 ± 10

Early/late sub-acute:

RSS group: 38.9 ± 54 days post stroke

Sham: 11.9 ± 10 days post stroke

Pinch/grip (hand evaluator kit)

–

8

Peurala et al., 2002 [32] (59)

18:42

54.4 ± 10

Chronic:

3.3 (7–14) years post-stroke

MMAS: 33.7 ± 10

Limb skin sensation 11.2 ± 6

–

4

  1. Legend: All ages and outcome scores are mean ± SD/(range) unless stated. JTHFT Jebsen Taylor Hand function test, FM UE Fugl Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment Section, NIHSS National institute of Health Stroke Scale, BBT Box and block test, MMAS Modified Motor Assessment Scale, MRC Medical Research Council Scale.