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Table 1 Baseline participants’ demographic and clinical characteristics

From: Electrical interferential current stimulation versus electrical acupuncture in management of hemiplegic shoulder pain and disability following ischemic stroke-a randomized clinical trial

Variable

IFC a group (n = 20)

Acupuncture group (n = 20)

P-value

Age, yrs.

 Mean ± SD b

57.55 ± 1.73

57.30 ± 3.71

0.762 †

  (Min c - Max d)

(39–75)

(37–81)

Sex, n e (%) f

 male

9 (45%)

6 (30%)

0.327 ‡

 female

11 (55%)

14 (70%)

Duration of hemiplegia, from stroke onset, months

 Mean ± SD

5.25 ± 0.94

4.20 ± 0.71

0.378 †

  (Min - Max)

(1–12)

(1–11)

Duration of shoulder pain, weeks

 Mean ± SD

4.50 ± 0.34

7.02 ± 0.85

0.09 †

  (Min - Max)

(2–5)

(2–8)

Underlying diseases, n (%)

 Diabetes

3(15%)

7(35%)

0.144 ‡

 Hypertension

4 (20%)

9 (45%)

0.091 ‡

 Heart valvular disease

2 (10%)

4 (20%)

0.661 ⁑

Affected side, n (%)

 Right

12 (60%)

11 (55%)

0.740 ‡

 Left

8 (40)

9(45)

Type of shoulder plegia, n (%)

 Flaccid

14 (70%)

16 (80%)

0.245 ‡

 Spastic

6 (30%)

4 (20%)

Modified Ashworth scale (MAS)

1.8 ± 0.53

1.5 ± 0.60

0.102†

Presence of shoulder subluxation in X-ray, n (%)

4 (20%)

6 (30%)

0.465 ⁑

SPADI h total score (0–130), point ± SD

99.00 ± 5.69

112.30 ± 3.42

0.052 †

 Pain (0–50)

25.70 ± 3.46

33.45 ± 3.22

0.110 †

 Function(0–80)

73.30 ± 3.86

78.85 ± 1.55

0.190 †

Average VAS i (0–10), point ± SD

5.25 ± 0.63

6.90 ± 2.67

0.065 †

Active ROM g of abduction(0–180), degree ± SD

50.25 ± 10.15

32.75 ± 8.85

0.201 †

Active ROM of flexion (0–180), degree ± SD

49.75 ± 9.77

33.75 ± 9.86

0.256 †

Active ROM of ext. k. rotation (0–90), degree ± SD

12.25 ± 3.41

6.75 ± 2.62

0.209 †

Active ROM of int l. rotation (0–90), degree ± SD

16.25 ± 3.66

8.00 ± 2.50

0.070 †

  1. aIFC interferential current stimulation, b SD standard deviation, CMin minimum, dMax maximum, en frequency, f(%) percent, hSPADI shoulder pain and disability index, iVAS Visual analogue scale, gROM range of motion, kext. external, lint. internal
  2. †Results from independent samples t-test
  3. ‡Results from Pearson Chi-square test
  4. ⁑Results from Fisher exact test